an1mal.netlify.app

<ul><li><p> PROGRAMMING THE </p><p>WORLD WIDE WEB </p><p>SIXTH EDITION </p><p> PROGRAMMING THE </p><p>WORLD WIDE WEB </p><p>SIXTH EDITION </p><p>ROBERT W. SEBESTA University of Colorado at Colorado Springs</p></li><li><p>University of Colorado at Colorado Springs </p><p>Addison-Wesley Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River</p><p>Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal TorontoDelhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo</p><p> Editor in Chief: Michael HirschAcquisitions Editor: Matt GoldsteinEditorial Assistant: Chelsea BellManaging Editor: Jeffrey HolcombSenior Production Project Manager: Marilyn LloydMedia Producer: Katelyn BollerDirector of Marketing: Margaret WaplesMarketing Coordinator: Kathryn FerrantiSenior Manufacturing Buyer: Carol MelvilleText Designer: Gillian Hall/The Aardvark GroupCover Designer: Elena SidorovaCover Image: Andrew Parkinson/Getty ImagesProject Management: Dennis Free/Aptara, Inc.Full Service Vendor: Aptara, Inc.Text and Cover Printer: Courier Stoughton The interior of this book was composed in FrameMaker 7.0, JansonText, Courier10PitchBT Copyright 2011, 2010, 2008, 2006, 2003, 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States ofAmerica. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrievalsystem, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from thiswork, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, 501 Boylston Street, Suite 900, Boston, Massachusetts 02116. Many of the designations by manufacturers and seller to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and thepublisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sebesta, Robert W. Programming the World Wide Web, 2010 / Robert W. Sebesta. -- 6th ed. p. cm. Previous eds. under title: Programming the World Wide Web. ISBN 978-0-13-213081-3 1. Internet programming. 2. World Wide Web. I. Sebesta, Robert W. Programming the World Wide Web. II. Title. QA76.625.S42 2010b 006.76--dc22 2009053855 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1CRS14 13 12 11 10 </p><p>Addison-Wesleyis an imprint of</p><p> ISBN-10: 0-13-213081-5 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-213081-3 </p><p>To Aidan </p></li><li><p> Brief Contents </p><p>1 Fundamentals 2 Introduction to XHTML 3 Cascading Style Sheets 4 The Basics of JavaScript 5 JavaScript and XHTML Documents 6 Dynamic Documents with JavaScript 7 Introduction to XML 8 Introduction to Flash 9 Introduction to PHP 10 Introduction to Ajax 11 Java Web Software 12 Introduction to ASP.NET 13 Database Access through the Web 14 Introduction to Ruby 15 Introduction to Rails Appendix A Introduction to Java Appendix B Named Colors Appendix C Java Applets Index Contents </p><p>Preface 1. Fundamentals 1.1 A Brief Introduction to the Internet 1.2 The World Wide Web 1.3 Web Browsers 1.4 Web Servers 1.5 Uniform Resource Locators 1.6 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions 1.7 The Hypertext Transfer Protocol 1.8 Security 1.9 The Web Programmers Toolbox Summary Review Questions Exercises 2. Introduction to XHTML </p></li><li><p> 2.1 Origins and Evolution of HTML and XHTML 2.2 Basic Syntax 2.3 Standard XHTML Document Structure 2.4 Basic Text Markup 2.5 Images 2.6 Hypertext Links 2.7 Lists 2.8 Tables 2.9 Forms 2.10 Syntactic Differences between HTML and XHTML Summary Review Questions Exercises 3. Cascading Style Sheets 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Levels of Style Sheets 3.3 Style Specification Formats 3.4 Selector Forms 3.5 Property Value Forms 3.6 Font Properties 3.7 List Properties 3.8 Color 3.9 Alignment of Text 3.10 The Box Model 3.11 Background Images 3.12 The and Tags 3.13 Conflict Resolution Summary Review Questions Exercises 4. The Basics of JavaScript 4.1 Overview of JavaScript 4.2 Object Orientation and JavaScript 4.3 General Syntactic Characteristics 4.4 Primitives, Operations, and Expressions 4.5 Screen Output and Keyboard Input 4.6 Control Statements 4.7 Object Creation and Modification 4.8 Arrays 4.9 Functions 4.10 An Example 4.11 Constructors 4.12 Pattern Matching Using Regular Expressions 4.13 Another Example 4.14 Errors in Scripts </p></li><li><p> Summary Review Questions Exercises 5. JavaScript and XHTML Documents 5.1 The JavaScript Execution Environment 5.2 The Document Object Model 5.3 Element Access in JavaScript 5.4 Events and Event Handling 5.5 Handling Events from Body Elements 5.6 Handling Events from Button Elements 5.7 Handling Events from Text Box and Password Elements 5.8 The DOM 2 Event Model 5.9 The navigator Object 5.10 DOM Tree Traversal and Modification Summary Review Questions Exercises 6. Dynamic Documents with JavaScript 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Positioning Elements 6.3 Moving Elements 6.4 Element Visibility 6.5 Changing Colors and Fonts 6.6 Dynamic Content 6.7 Stacking Elements 6.8 Locating the Mouse Cursor 6.9 Reacting to a Mouse Click 6.10 Slow Movement of Elements 6.11 Dragging and Dropping Elements Summary Review Questions Exercises 7. Introduction to XML 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Syntax of XML 7.3 XML Document Structure 7.4 Document Type Definitions 7.5 Namespaces 7.6 XML Schemas 7.7 Displaying Raw XML Documents 7.8 Displaying XML Documents with CSS 7.9 XSLT Style Sheets 7.10 XML Processors 7.11 Web Services Summary</p></li><li><p> Summary Review Questions Exercises 8. Introduction to Flash 8.1 Origins and Uses of Flash 8.2 A First Look at the Flash Authoring Environment 8.3 Drawing Tools 8.4 Static Graphics 8.5 Animation and Sound 8.6 User Interactions Summary Review Questions Exercises 9. Introduction to PHP 9.1 Origins and Uses of PHP 9.2 Overview of PHP 9.3 General Syntactic Characteristics 9.4 Primitives, Operations, and Expressions 9.5 Output 9.6 Control Statements 9.7 Arrays 9.8 Functions 9.9 Pattern Matching 9.10 Form Handling 9.11 Files 9.12 Cookies 9.13 Session Tracking Summary Review Questions Exercises 10. Introduction to Ajax 10.1 Overview of Ajax 10.2 The Basics of Ajax 10.3 Return Document Forms 10.4 Ajax Toolkits 10.5 Security and Ajax Summary Review Questions Exercises 11. Java Web Software 11.1 Introduction to Servlets 11.2 The NetBeans Integrated Development Environment 11.3 A Survey Example 11.4 Storing Information on Clients 11.5 JavaServer Pages </p></li><li><p> 11.6 JavaBeans 11.7 Model-View-Controller Application Architecture 11.8 JavaServer Faces Summary Review Questions Exercises 12. Introduction to ASP.NET 12.1 Overview of the .NET Framework 12.2 A Bit of C# 12.3 Introduction to ASP.NET 12.4 ASP.NET Controls 12.5 ASP.NET AJAX 12.6 Web Services Summary Review Questions Exercises 13. Database Access through the Web 13.1 Relational Databases 13.2 An Introduction to the Structured Query Language 13.3 Architectures for Database Access 13.4 The MySQL Database System 13.5 Database Access with PHP and MySQL 13.6 Database Access with JDBC and MySQL 13.7 Database Access with ASP.NET and MySQL Summary Review Questions Exercises 14. Introduction to Ruby 14.1 Origins and Uses of Ruby 14.2 Scalar Types and Their Operations 14.3 Simple Input and Output 14.4 Control Statements 14.5 Fundamentals of Arrays 14.6 Hashes 14.7 Methods 14.8 Classes 14.9 Blocks and Iterators 14.10 Pattern Matching Summary Review Questions Exercises 15. Introduction to Rails 15.1 Overview of Rails 15.2 Document Requests 15.3 Rails Applications with Databases </p></li><li><p> 15.4 Rails with Ajax Summary Review Questions Exercises Appendix A. Introduction to Java Appendix B. Named Colors Appendix C. Java Applets Index Preface It is difficult to overestimate the effect the World Wide Web has had on the day-to-day lives of people, at least those in the developed countries. In just 15years, we have learned to use the Web for a myriad of disparate tasks, ranging from the mundane task of shopping for airline tickets to the crucial early-morninggathering of business news for a high-stakes day trader.</p><p>The speed at which millions of Web sites appeared in the last decade would seem to indicate that the technologies used to build them were sitting on the shelf,fully developed and ready to use, even before the Web was developed. Also, one might guess that the tens of thousands of people who built those sites were sittingaround unemployed, waiting for an opportunity and already possessing the knowledge and abilities required to carry out this mammoth construction task when itappeared. Neither of these was true. The need for new technologies was quickly filled by a large number of entrepreneurs, some at existing companies and some whostarted new companies. A large part of the programmer need was filled, at least to the extent to which it was filled, by new programmers, some straight from highschool. Many, however, were previously employed by other sectors of the software development industry. All of them had to learn to use new languages andtechnologies.</p><p>A visit to a bookstore, either a bricks-and-mortar store or a Web site, will turn up a large supply of books on Web technologies aimed at the practicingprofessional. One difficulty encountered by those teaching courses in Web programming technologies in colleges is the lack of textbooks that are targeted to theirneeds. Most of the books that discuss Web programming were written for professionals, rather than college students. Such books are written to fulfill the needs ofprofessionals, which are quite different from those of college students. One major difference between an academic book and a professional book lies in theassumptions made by the author about the prior knowledge and experience of the audience. On the one hand, the backgrounds of professionals vary widely, making itdifficult to assume much of anything. On the other hand, a book written for junior computer science majors can make some definite assumptions about the backgroundof the reader. This book is aimed at college students, not necessarily only computer science majors, but anyone who has taken at least two courses in programming. Althoughstudents are the primary target, the book is also useful for professional programmers who wish to learn Web programming.</p><p>The goal of the book is to provide the reader with a comprehensive introduction to the programming tools and skills required to build and maintain server sites onthe Web. A wide variety of technologies are used in the construction of a Web site. There are now many books available for professionals that focus on thesetechnologies. For example, there are dozens of books that specifically address only XHTML. The same is true for a half-dozen other Web technologies. This bookprovides an overview of how the Web works, as well as descriptions of many of the most widely used Web technologies.</p><p>The first five editions of the book were used to teach a junior-level Web programming course at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. The challengefor students in the course is to learn to use several different programming languages and technologies in one semester. A heavy load of programming exercises isessential to the success of the course. Students in the course build a basic, static Web site, using only XHTML as the first assignment. Throughout the remainder of thesemester, they add features to their site as the new technologies are discussed in the course. Our students prior course work in Java and data structures, as well as Cand assembly language, is helpful, as is the fact that many of them have learned some XHTML on their own before taking the course.</p><p>The most important prerequisite to the material of this book is a solid background in programming in some language that supports object-oriented programming. Itis helpful to have some knowledge of a second programming language and a bit of UNIX, particularly if a UNIX-based Web server is used for the course. Familiaritywith a second language makes learning the new languages easier. </p><p>Table of Contents The book is organized into three parts: the introduction (Chapter 1), client-side technologies (Chapters 28), and server-side technologies (Chapters 915).</p><p>Chapter 1 lays the groundwork for the rest of the book. A few fundamentals are introduced, including the history and nature of the Internet, the World WideWeb, browsers, servers, URLs, MIME types, and HTTP. Also included in Chapter 1 are brief overviews of the most important topics of the rest of the book.</p><p>Chapter 2 provides an introduction to XHTML, including images, links, lists, tables, and forms. Small examples are used to illustrate many of the XHTMLelements that are discussed in this chapter.</p><p>The topic of Chapter 3 is cascading style sheets, which provide the standard way of imposing style on the content specified in XHTML tags. Because of the sizeand complexity of the topic, the chapter does not cover all of the aspects of style sheets. The topics discussed are levels of style sheets, style specification formats,selector formats, property values, and color. Among the properties covered are those for fonts, lists, and margins. Small examples are used to illustrate the subjects thatare discussed.</p><p>Chapter 4 introduces the core of JavaScript, a powerful language that could be used for a variety of different applications. Our interest, of course, is its use in Webprogramming. Although JavaScript has become a large and complex language, we use the students knowledge of programming in other languages to leverage thediscussion, thereby providing a useful introduction to the language in a manageably small number of pages. Topics covered are the object model of JavaScript, itscontrol statements, objects, arrays, functions, constructors, and pattern matching.</p><p>Chapter 5 discusses some of the features of JavaScript that are related to XHTML documents. Included is the use of the basic and DOM 2 event and event-</p></li><li><p>Chapter 5 discusses some of the features of JavaScript that are related to XHTML documents. Included is the use of the basic and DOM 2 event and event-handling model, which can be used in conjunction with some of the elements of XHTML documents.</p><p>One of the interesting applications of JavaScript is building dynamic XHTML documents with the Document Object Model (DOM). Chapter 6 providesdescriptions of a collection of some of the changes that can be made to documents with the use of JavaScript and the DOM. Included are positioning elements; movingelements; changing the visibility of elements; changing the color, style, and size of text; changing the content of tags; changing the stacking order of overlappedelements; moving elements slowly; and dragging and dropping elements.</p><p>Chapter 7 presents an introduction to XML, which provides the means to design topic-specific markup languages that can be shared among users with commoninterests. Inc..</p></li></ul>